tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-92112411433856309112024-02-25T02:15:28.968+05:30Embedded-ElectronicsIt explains embedded system,vlsi and matlab projects. specially written for learners
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06684728874175402475noreply@blogger.comBlogger63125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9211241143385630911.post-38119747811969659192016-01-23T11:49:00.002+05:302016-01-23T14:07:49.134+05:30Controlling devices (connected to GPRS modem) from Internet server / Internet of Things<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Internet of Things is becoming more prominent in todays world. In near future, all the new products emerging in to the market will have IoT feature inbuilt. In this post I am explaining how to make a small IoT project using the arduino nano board, GPRS modem and a web socket. I have designed this system to control one load (Switch ON/OFF) and to know the status of the load from your computer. </div>
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Used SIM900A modem connected with Arduino nano board and two Relay/LED. This post is similar to the previous post using GSM connection, the only difference is it is controlled from your computer. </div>
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Install Socket_test3 tool on your laptop/computer which is having Internet connection. Get your IP address and enter in the CODE,<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgL8gLZ9Tr64dNHSHN6sUI0k4JfjhVvk4KFKQSoZlZbo153Gs7WDOeQWzL5Af-5vAA6MdiLmEQA1o0o6vFH4pmAVcT9oSKGtJeDprML02SUXmw7Ip6VIDUD65END6OCGJJJGxMhfUMsZvc/s1600/Screenshot+from+2016-01-23+14%253A08%253A42.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="206" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgL8gLZ9Tr64dNHSHN6sUI0k4JfjhVvk4KFKQSoZlZbo153Gs7WDOeQWzL5Af-5vAA6MdiLmEQA1o0o6vFH4pmAVcT9oSKGtJeDprML02SUXmw7Ip6VIDUD65END6OCGJJJGxMhfUMsZvc/s400/Screenshot+from+2016-01-23+14%253A08%253A42.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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click on server tab in socket_test tool and enter port id : 747 (mentioned in the code) or you can change it. Start the connection....<br />
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Download this code to arduino nano board. Open the serial monitor window and wait for the connection to establish. Now you can transfer data from your computer to the arduino board via Internet connection. If you want to send data dynamically enter it on serial monitor window. You can store your data in a variable and send it to server upon a condition.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6IvVcpmm_TTE8rgPwBZXR3QbnXnxkDQ52vpwAx56mtWgAGzaUd8SntX9fMieQ-6MerIrp7ZG6ix-Sh03RIg6KiG6PbrdqbL4-95nmaKgcgpY3KLYOm3CRrPZlskPFll6dC5wNIqJbUo4/s1600/Screenshot+2015-11-10+13.25.55.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a> <br />
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<a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1iPUmPbBqpCjrb13CFOMsxBlzrdhTF2etN6AUKU-A8KE/edit?usp=sharing"><button><b>DOWNLOAD CODE</b></button></a> here</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06684728874175402475noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9211241143385630911.post-50219871907124480582016-01-19T14:14:00.000+05:302016-01-19T14:17:29.878+05:30Control appliances through GSM modem / GSM connection with Arduino Nano<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Abstract: GSM modem and Arduino nano enables us to control the loads from anywhere with a single message. Here, we are controlling a load (ON/OFF) located somewhere. We can also get the status of the load. We used one GSM modem with SMS offer, Arduino nano board and load(can be anything). </div>
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It can be used to control the bike engine. You can immobilize the engine, mobilize the engine and status of the engine. All that you should do is some wiring apart from this circuit. <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8jnlaj3lj9BNkNzkbX_cXyAa7oOtCLKtbxmDX9vEh6Cpfw95mLwQBJjnnQSZsVTDnbE0mRl4GVuE0PuX35gJOpWest64Fb2KKBbCQ05GOvGRM562WwMPRUXrfPI8iTaIbJAUh_WDdOzg/s1600/GSM_loads.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="425" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8jnlaj3lj9BNkNzkbX_cXyAa7oOtCLKtbxmDX9vEh6Cpfw95mLwQBJjnnQSZsVTDnbE0mRl4GVuE0PuX35gJOpWest64Fb2KKBbCQ05GOvGRM562WwMPRUXrfPI8iTaIbJAUh_WDdOzg/s640/GSM_loads.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1hE_6FzSk5oNF5FTcbKuVGK579KDh-8DcwucFUxV2cvs/edit?usp=sharing"><button>DOWNLOAD CODE</button></a> here<br />
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more information will be updated ....</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06684728874175402475noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9211241143385630911.post-83705755733157701042015-07-07T09:13:00.004+05:302015-07-07T09:14:54.363+05:30High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier (Schematic and Layout) design for biomedical applications<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Instrumentation amplifiers are intended to be used whenever acquisition of a useful signal is difficult. IA’s must have extremely high input impedances because source impedances may be high and/or unbalanced. bias and offset currents are low and relatively stable so that the source impedance need not be constant. Balanced differential inputs are provided so that the signal source may be referenced to any reasonable level independent of the IA output load reference. Common mode rejection, a measure of input balance, is very high so that noise pickup and ground drops, characteristic of remote sensor applications, are minimized.Care is taken to provide high, well characterized stability of critical parameters under varying conditions, such as changing temperatures and supply voltages. Finally, all components that are critical to the performance of the IA are internal to the device. The precision of an IA is provided at the expense of flexibility. By committing to the one specific task of amplifying voltages, the IA manufacturer may optimize performance in this area. An IA is not intended to perform integration, differentiation, rectification, or any other non-voltage-gain function; although possible with an IA, these tasks are best left to operational amplifiers.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br />Recording the biomedical electronics is one of the challenges in a biomedical electronics detection system, because and low frequency, usually of few milli-volts or less and the frequency below 1 KHz. The biomedical electronics detecting system is shown in fig.1, which consists of electrodes, amplifier, LPF, sample and hold(S/H) and ADC.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheOTvhSKtDA_DjVBVRl_cduJuLHf9z8e8FUgdHugORGW8AJcMUUC-SI6aPUFwhl0nexcWyspYmDCBV5Q7TxIp67ihNVwId_btsxA8eRubQjMWtCpuTaVmyRohw3X5-_ouhqxpf52G84Oo/s1600/aa.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="172" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheOTvhSKtDA_DjVBVRl_cduJuLHf9z8e8FUgdHugORGW8AJcMUUC-SI6aPUFwhl0nexcWyspYmDCBV5Q7TxIp67ihNVwId_btsxA8eRubQjMWtCpuTaVmyRohw3X5-_ouhqxpf52G84Oo/s400/aa.png" width="400" /> </a></div>
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Meanwhile the recording electrodes might pick up many others unneeded inerferences or artifact signals. However, the biomedical electronics is too weak<br />
to detect, therefore, we need a high gain , accurate, and high CMRR amplifier to reduce the common mode noise and to amplify the biomedical signal only. Then, the signal is passed through LPF. S/H and ADC to become a digital signal. After that, these digital data will be processed in PCs or microprocessors.</div>
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Designed Instrumentation amplifier specifications<br />
high CMRR = 127dB and<br />
gain = 58.5dB<br />
area = 65um x 65um<br />
power consumption = 1.02mW.<br />
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You can download Cadence files (Schematic and Layout) from here,<br />
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Schematic:<br />
* 2-stage differential amplifier<br />
* constant-gm bias<br />
* Instrumentation Amplifier<br />
* IA_test bench<br />
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Layout:<br />
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* 2-stage differential amplifier<br />
* constant-gm bias<br />
* Instrumentation Amplifier<br />
* Extracted view of IA<br />
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<a href="https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=0B6KgFtxG4dlbWTBHdjNBUzN5WFE&usp=sharing"><button type="button"><b>Download INA files</b></button></a><br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06684728874175402475noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9211241143385630911.post-65634705549790118282014-12-03T18:57:00.001+05:302014-12-03T19:02:47.558+05:30Animatronic Arm / Hand Gesture control RF Robot <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="color: #674ea7; font-weight: bold;">Abstract: </span>In this project we are going to design an Animatronic Arm/Hand Gesture RF robot, It has two functions <br />
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1. RF based Animatronic Arm/Hand Gesture </div>
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2. RF controlled mobile Robot</div>
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The system block diagram is shown in the below figure. It contains</div>
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a). Flex Sensors </div>
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b). Opamps</div>
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c). ATmega16-A board</div>
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d). 433MHz RF transceiver s</div>
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e). 8052 controller</div>
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f). DC Motors and servo motors</div>
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g). HT12D and HT12E </div>
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h). Motor driver L293D</div>
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<b>Working of Mobile Robot: </b></div>
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At the transmission section we have HT12E with 4 push buttons and a 433MHz transmitter as shown in fig.1, 4 buttons are used for forward,backward, left and right controls.</div>
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At the receiver section RF receiver will receive the transmitted data and HT12D decodes the received data and sends 4-data bits to the motor driver L293D as shown in fig.2.</div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkk6eenRN8IPSL8C1cbtCZ9B-JP2jYMrulvdBJqlW2a72LRzW06ILEZanzwxrvv6YjkCPGao6bNrHnwRVMKFvwOSIyCMh5HtgdnSyYNaMpzSEQcg1nXGrXMI29tCRx3pdWjKckRtpyG8I/s1600/BD.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkk6eenRN8IPSL8C1cbtCZ9B-JP2jYMrulvdBJqlW2a72LRzW06ILEZanzwxrvv6YjkCPGao6bNrHnwRVMKFvwOSIyCMh5HtgdnSyYNaMpzSEQcg1nXGrXMI29tCRx3pdWjKckRtpyG8I/s1600/BD.jpg" height="182" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Block Diagram</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkQQ1gYD0nJJV_VH7SDWEMVsuQdosEnoI1UH4-xYgbpVcTNRkLp9GV5-CFZDZ8QHPA0HU0qSp9PHPJlBkvnCuFJwDaUUtXndiBMz8kVMWIklp6F3qhuJrr8v7OdnpDHCoXA3frXQrwl_w/s1600/TXR_2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkQQ1gYD0nJJV_VH7SDWEMVsuQdosEnoI1UH4-xYgbpVcTNRkLp9GV5-CFZDZ8QHPA0HU0qSp9PHPJlBkvnCuFJwDaUUtXndiBMz8kVMWIklp6F3qhuJrr8v7OdnpDHCoXA3frXQrwl_w/s1600/TXR_2.png" height="314" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fig.1 Transmitter Circuit for Robot Movement</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxsLsyNwCyALtwQ1m31qiCZ1wnMPTwY74l42rxEieHoSnh1paK-67rQuJh9rVM-oIUcL7bilaPX6HBINIoHm2LSNxZIL55FQNWJsajgU1k_gbUgcE9K0raLngXHKD93dH1a7stecBQq8I/s1600/Motor_RXR.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxsLsyNwCyALtwQ1m31qiCZ1wnMPTwY74l42rxEieHoSnh1paK-67rQuJh9rVM-oIUcL7bilaPX6HBINIoHm2LSNxZIL55FQNWJsajgU1k_gbUgcE9K0raLngXHKD93dH1a7stecBQq8I/s1600/Motor_RXR.jpg" height="217" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fig.2 Receiver Circuit for DC motor Controlling</td></tr>
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<b>Working of Animatronic Arm:</b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0Qdd9q3ECwyFOiFjR1inIjDl8SYkdVjkC42wxGzQse8S_OWHA2g5DPFz6ovX_67VtRxGoJV5xbiCCggibC7xEenGxW78I7foh1m4wPkyam3jFrQl5npupExepkw-Gv4cZDP0WsS1QmSM/s1600/1070_LRG.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0Qdd9q3ECwyFOiFjR1inIjDl8SYkdVjkC42wxGzQse8S_OWHA2g5DPFz6ovX_67VtRxGoJV5xbiCCggibC7xEenGxW78I7foh1m4wPkyam3jFrQl5npupExepkw-Gv4cZDP0WsS1QmSM/s1600/1070_LRG.jpg" height="153" width="200" /></a>Flex sensors are a kind of variable resistors, who's resistance varies with flexing. This application is used in animatronic arm. The basic circuit of flex sensor is shown in the below circuit, it is connected as a potential divider circuit and the output is connected to a buffer. The voltage variation can be calculated by 'Vout' equation.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHQrrOVa6pDVN_qHPZmC3PWl8Y2FU28Of9h8m81oPLeCWGm6dGcrmRxNMcGq3lKmiduuhiKNr2NomD4S_FEO5Uv90BWgs9CrHMvESilBCABvM7dWWGUS5UDFJ1s8HWD0qZIT2gcSUnd3w/s1600/flexsensorbent-lrg.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHQrrOVa6pDVN_qHPZmC3PWl8Y2FU28Of9h8m81oPLeCWGm6dGcrmRxNMcGq3lKmiduuhiKNr2NomD4S_FEO5Uv90BWgs9CrHMvESilBCABvM7dWWGUS5UDFJ1s8HWD0qZIT2gcSUnd3w/s1600/flexsensorbent-lrg.jpg" height="149" width="200" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_-1Zp9Qa4GdV8iNsVoDEh90wjoID4fh9n0sKQAZ_8pSZkp43gDUYeIldeW7SeZQJxNieUkyL0j4MmmHxqA53NswHjSsxwooYQXDIPhXuPSKjuunqwN0udKQnKCM8QfZX_SvndruLkrg0/s1600/8-9301296-88bb7433-5d99-4a47-90a3-bf63f0e942ff.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_-1Zp9Qa4GdV8iNsVoDEh90wjoID4fh9n0sKQAZ_8pSZkp43gDUYeIldeW7SeZQJxNieUkyL0j4MmmHxqA53NswHjSsxwooYQXDIPhXuPSKjuunqwN0udKQnKCM8QfZX_SvndruLkrg0/s1600/8-9301296-88bb7433-5d99-4a47-90a3-bf63f0e942ff.jpg" height="120" width="320" /></a></div>
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Here we used two flex sensors for two fingers. Output of the buffers are given to the analog pins of ATmega16-A board. Inside the controller analog data is converted to digital form and based on the two output values 4-bit data is sent to the I/O ports. 4-bit output is then given to the HT12E encoder and it transmits the data as shown in fig.3 and 4</div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwGhB8rpQHJqBrDs1j5uJtKXkjCJaic8iwYbzsPiSjjJvzJKOHg7wBGvZo_e2yQ1C0U4bfIsg86edbkoRLkaLOf0BsCbntqcq54SynXm7TpkDFX6n7pX4tlgyIVsbO6DukKZnEEOSTr1Y/s1600/TXR_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwGhB8rpQHJqBrDs1j5uJtKXkjCJaic8iwYbzsPiSjjJvzJKOHg7wBGvZo_e2yQ1C0U4bfIsg86edbkoRLkaLOf0BsCbntqcq54SynXm7TpkDFX6n7pX4tlgyIVsbO6DukKZnEEOSTr1Y/s1600/TXR_1.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fig.3 Flex Sensor circuit</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOAjJJSskHZneAjHW4qbvdSG-nv_WonaeUmlHKFuNuvhzP6NHZrAF7UQlmWZg9gKfkmJ55-Jfw5wuYj1ouwovqdwF_MPBPf6UAg7ZxWDDEO5B4fY3nlpT7elaRaPniLXHMds_4mtCAe8I/s1600/ATMEGA16.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOAjJJSskHZneAjHW4qbvdSG-nv_WonaeUmlHKFuNuvhzP6NHZrAF7UQlmWZg9gKfkmJ55-Jfw5wuYj1ouwovqdwF_MPBPf6UAg7ZxWDDEO5B4fY3nlpT7elaRaPniLXHMds_4mtCAe8I/s1600/ATMEGA16.jpg" height="227" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fig.4 ATmega16-A circuit for data processing</td></tr>
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At the receiver side the received is then decoded and given to the 8052 controller. The code is written such that the animatronic arm imitates your fingers based on the flex sensor voltage values. The pulse width of the servo motors is changed according to the received data. The total pulse width is 20ms. for a 1 ms ON time it will be at 0 degrees and for 1.5 ms ON time shaft position will be at 90 degrees and for 2 ms ON time at 180 degrees as shown in the below fig.5 and 6<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhD9y4GNDLswRc7WQQ8XoNtDT5JDo0muMt4LGTVek2KhdtqH4DHqIc6T0ShpED7_1CuTth94FMLMl2_Bsit-9a8qXNkoiEIK9l0m-n0kOCri-YRCQ-Vap9cwrQNv53INAITtxPCR5K9tHY/s1600/pwm.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhD9y4GNDLswRc7WQQ8XoNtDT5JDo0muMt4LGTVek2KhdtqH4DHqIc6T0ShpED7_1CuTth94FMLMl2_Bsit-9a8qXNkoiEIK9l0m-n0kOCri-YRCQ-Vap9cwrQNv53INAITtxPCR5K9tHY/s1600/pwm.jpg" height="214" width="320" /></a></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXZWS4Lt2DLvK4ODyA4eiVe-CQ4Xpn6kSNe5kn07v59mfQGCFuLiHXu0kdf9cMnRt-xcpVM2Gbt1W36UEdwS3Nl8AccVBoL39_eMnae79h31m1dnESCxDFoDpXW1Ojn_VeappnTCdbplk/s1600/RF_RXR.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXZWS4Lt2DLvK4ODyA4eiVe-CQ4Xpn6kSNe5kn07v59mfQGCFuLiHXu0kdf9cMnRt-xcpVM2Gbt1W36UEdwS3Nl8AccVBoL39_eMnae79h31m1dnESCxDFoDpXW1Ojn_VeappnTCdbplk/s1600/RF_RXR.jpg" height="241" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fig.5 Receiver Circuit interfaced with 8051</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicGwX8ALmwMIKbCIk28z6TB64spUQxwlbh0B3rTSuNj7AHSPq61AlrbWvXtab2I8bCXNd4DaMTIETygksSZbjY4vbDavAKGbPzhdXhLUa7G__WaJ5foFILKbFE7o-JGdA2akM0tWewqi0/s1600/8051_sevo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicGwX8ALmwMIKbCIk28z6TB64spUQxwlbh0B3rTSuNj7AHSPq61AlrbWvXtab2I8bCXNd4DaMTIETygksSZbjY4vbDavAKGbPzhdXhLUa7G__WaJ5foFILKbFE7o-JGdA2akM0tWewqi0/s1600/8051_sevo.jpg" height="263" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fig.6 servo motor interface with 8051</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b><span style="color: #674ea7;">Working Video:</span></b><br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/m8eH94aAc4s?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b><br /></b></span><span style="color: red;"><b>Resources:</b></span><br />
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1. <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B535sEhR4rLVcnVsdEppM1libG8/view?usp=sharing">ATmega16-A Transmitter CODE</a> Download the code here</div>
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2. <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B535sEhR4rLVcjZfbnhDV0Z2akE/view?usp=sharing">8052 Receiver CODE</a> Download the code here</div>
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<b><span style="color: orange;">NOTE: </span></b></div>
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<b>1. Since we used two pairs of RF transceivers we used different address at HT12D/E</b></div>
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<b>2. We have designed it for only two fingers and a basic movement.</b></div>
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<b> For 5 fingers and much more degree of freedom use 5 flex sensors and Zigbee module </b></div>
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</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06684728874175402475noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9211241143385630911.post-14492458446756201632014-11-23T12:39:00.002+05:302014-11-23T12:54:47.208+05:30GSM Interfacing with Arduino Uno board/ Temperature monitoring using LM35<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span style="color: #674ea7;">Abstract:</span> </b>In this project we are going to develop a system, which will monitor temperature in the surroundings and sends a message to the corresponding person. We used GSM SIM300 Modem, Arduino Uno board and LM35 sensor. This system can be installed in Forests, Industries and even in homes to monitor the fire accidents and intimates the person to take immediate action.</div>
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<b>Figure</b> below shows the circuit connections.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4TW9LFzHA_3Ur0qd4H3-rj6Lwa1o8AfHGX-cv_FPR6QGCpxyYsodnvczniSnaT4d4zOpeN_QkEjQtNJHMvJlMq6OBONnH2AeGAAFnXIA3BLIyShXTNW92l4i5gh1ipkS2Y0ewbznh_0s/s1600/Screenshot+2014-11-22+16.35.59.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4TW9LFzHA_3Ur0qd4H3-rj6Lwa1o8AfHGX-cv_FPR6QGCpxyYsodnvczniSnaT4d4zOpeN_QkEjQtNJHMvJlMq6OBONnH2AeGAAFnXIA3BLIyShXTNW92l4i5gh1ipkS2Y0ewbznh_0s/s1600/Screenshot+2014-11-22+16.35.59.png" height="216" width="400" /></a></div>
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LM35 is a temperature sensor,who's output varies according to the temperature variations. Every 1 degree C temperature variation changes its output voltage by 10mv. If the current room temperature is 25 degree C then the output voltage will be 0.30 volts. Vcc of LM35 is connected to 5v supply of Arduino Uno , Analog output and GND pin to A0 pin ,GND of Arduino pin respectively.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcM7tu9arq_aH8Qmurd96pX7IMu0dS_9WrJK6g5_sNJRyduLAvuMKwbQiHtUz4FdrFwRsI_JHjQKqBNN_whmk9yb9SOWSyGCru5IfXEfFgii9FHvuLhvguKOJ5NqCUQtovpqOnZfaF8q0/s1600/LM35.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcM7tu9arq_aH8Qmurd96pX7IMu0dS_9WrJK6g5_sNJRyduLAvuMKwbQiHtUz4FdrFwRsI_JHjQKqBNN_whmk9yb9SOWSyGCru5IfXEfFgii9FHvuLhvguKOJ5NqCUQtovpqOnZfaF8q0/s1600/LM35.jpg" height="200" width="200" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #351c75;"><b>GSM interfacing to Arduino Uno board:</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #351c75;"><br /></span></div>
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Connect Receiver pin of GSM modem to the Transmitter pin of Arduino Uno, Transmitter pin of GSM modem to Receiver pin of Arduino Uno and connect both the grounds. Insert SIM and plug the modem. Wait for the GSM modem to get network, indicated by LED blinking. </div>
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<b><span style="color: #38761d;">Flow chart: </span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2qWNyVQT7plrwWk25awFzohB3zp0X63eZK1Cb2loldcjcOvgKKn7_bH34jUH_L6HD8P_-8jGglR0ULP_ta8oRGLKIxTvu_pP37eRXTEkaiks0B1YWlBoGBBMY2PYnV6TR1-3EMrIKOSA/s1600/Flowchart.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2qWNyVQT7plrwWk25awFzohB3zp0X63eZK1Cb2loldcjcOvgKKn7_bH34jUH_L6HD8P_-8jGglR0ULP_ta8oRGLKIxTvu_pP37eRXTEkaiks0B1YWlBoGBBMY2PYnV6TR1-3EMrIKOSA/s1600/Flowchart.jpg" height="320" width="222" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="color: red;">Resources:</span></b><br />
<br />
1. <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1rkBR5k637Z6lKkC9Oh_arX44QYTvXqk3jSLcdJTXbS4/edit"><button>Click Here</button></a> to download the Arduino Uno Code<br />
2. <a href="http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm35.pdf"><button>Click Here</button></a> to see LM35 datasheet</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06684728874175402475noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9211241143385630911.post-54503749228865729172014-11-07T12:32:00.000+05:302014-11-07T12:37:04.504+05:30DHT11 Interfacing with MATLAB and Arduino<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Abstract: In this project we are going to interface digital Humidity and temperature sensor (DHT11) with Arduino Uno board and with MATLAB. we are going to display the temperature and Humidity data, received from DHT11, in LCD screen and also plotting them in MATLAB simultaneously.</div>
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From the datasheet it mentioned that DHT11 outputs 40bits of data. It contains 8-bits integral RH data+ 8-bits Decimal RH data+8-bits Integral Temperature data+8-bits decimal Temperature data+8-bits check sum. Read datasheet[3] for more details. The library for DHT11 sensor is available in the resources. Add the library[4] in this path "C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\libraries\DHT11" (In my case). </div>
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Connect DHT11 sensor to the Arduino Uno board as shown in the below figure and also plug your Arduino board to PC/Laptop.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgONCHV9TOiAV_ZW-1ITVYAL1IP78Ov8HjtUUEs3nsPb1aVX2wa8Ycp0DcEHyMNkkd6uNxIn9aDavtbrwvXNIEEaHggNIt1UHXivUqimD9fi7Szr-yRC1NDj9M8Kv_OVBgNC9KEDv7pKrk/s1600/Screenshot+2014-11-07+11.46.21.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgONCHV9TOiAV_ZW-1ITVYAL1IP78Ov8HjtUUEs3nsPb1aVX2wa8Ycp0DcEHyMNkkd6uNxIn9aDavtbrwvXNIEEaHggNIt1UHXivUqimD9fi7Szr-yRC1NDj9M8Kv_OVBgNC9KEDv7pKrk/s1600/Screenshot+2014-11-07+11.46.21.png" height="313" width="640" /></a></div>
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Now open Arduino IDE tool and run DHT11_Arduino_code[1] and upload it on to the board.</div>
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Open MATLAB and run the DHT11_MATLAB_code[2]. </div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/oGPGIaicfAA?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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Working Video</div>
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<b><u><span style="color: orange;">Resources:</span></u></b><br />
<span style="color: purple;"><b><u><br /></u></b></span></div>
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1. <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/18EblBkXVTzm8shIsw4to4c2erdIB6brZqUeNxwWzjCQ/edit?usp=sharing"><span style="color: purple;">DHT11_Arduino_code</span></a></div>
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2. <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B535sEhR4rLVNzh1RWYzWk9xY0E/view?usp=sharing"><span style="color: purple;">DHT11_MATLAB_code</span></a></div>
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3.<span style="color: purple;"> <a href="http://www.micropik.com/PDF/dht11.pdf">DHT11_Datasheet</a></span></div>
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4.<span style="color: purple;"> <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B535sEhR4rLVcmhMeEdaMDNScUE/view?usp=sharing"><span style="color: purple;">DHT11_Library</span></a></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06684728874175402475noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9211241143385630911.post-32886616739123919362014-11-07T12:31:00.003+05:302014-11-07T12:31:50.028+05:30Temperature Monitoring using Arduino Uno<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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In this project we are going to monitor room Temperature with Arduino Uno board. Connect the temperature sensor LM35 as shown in the figure. Output of the LM35 is connected to the Analog port A0, itreads the temperature variation and it displays the digital data on to the LCD screen. Run the code given below.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-4kT8HxD6MXWFRPjmBlGqMiOrX__s4a04bJWzXvaZ9O3oWco5NElbrUcJZat6Q0_pSPNNsxRH0FUu4bsOZJiEcSdmfC4lN_SzC6OKe8G8Nyu7xwp2W_RCgxH_FNUoBALEArKyl2FWB5U/s1600/Screenshot+2014-11-03+21.50.22.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-4kT8HxD6MXWFRPjmBlGqMiOrX__s4a04bJWzXvaZ9O3oWco5NElbrUcJZat6Q0_pSPNNsxRH0FUu4bsOZJiEcSdmfC4lN_SzC6OKe8G8Nyu7xwp2W_RCgxH_FNUoBALEArKyl2FWB5U/s1600/Screenshot+2014-11-03+21.50.22.png" height="297" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
#include <LiquidCrystal.h><br />
<br />
// initialize the library with the numbers of the interface pins<br />
LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2);<br />
<br />
void setup() {<br />
// set up the LCD's number of columns and rows:<br />
lcd.begin(16, 2);<br />
// Print a message to the LCD.<br />
lcd.print("Temp monitoring");<br />
}<br />
<br />
void loop() {<br />
float temp;<br />
temp=analogRead(0);<br />
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);<br />
lcd.print("Temperature=");<br />
lcd.print(temp);<br />
delay(100);<br />
}</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06684728874175402475noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9211241143385630911.post-8987095724606785692014-11-02T22:00:00.002+05:302014-11-02T22:08:30.024+05:30Interfacing Arduino Uno with MATLAB<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><u><span style="color: #bf9000; font-size: large;">Method-1:</span></u></b></div>
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Step-1: Download the ArduinoIO MATLAB support file from here <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B535sEhR4rLVb1J1UWVZTGRHSEU/view?usp=sharing"><button>Download ArduinoIO</button></a></div>
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Step-2: Download the Source file from here <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1CXQzn63GvhK7YCQmvOk7-jj2yYLm5NPP8bbCJ0UK-1U/edit?usp=sharing"><button>Source file</button></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhyphenhyphenRvhIAXDL5mEZO8LyxA8n7rIG6oOb84nom8Leps70Vnc9h6q8fhQ_S5X_0swfVWzZrxth1emI9xnmrNc1Ro7a6tyZdxtk5iM9IJuVOum0ySRgL2EtA5cubObzF7mk6DWucpu9QXRvT8/s1600/Arduino_Uno_-_R3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhyphenhyphenRvhIAXDL5mEZO8LyxA8n7rIG6oOb84nom8Leps70Vnc9h6q8fhQ_S5X_0swfVWzZrxth1emI9xnmrNc1Ro7a6tyZdxtk5iM9IJuVOum0ySRgL2EtA5cubObzF7mk6DWucpu9QXRvT8/s1600/Arduino_Uno_-_R3.jpg" height="331" width="640" /></a></div>
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Step-3: Add the downloaded ArduinoIO folder to your MATLAB bin path </div>
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in my case it is "C:\Program Files\MATLAB\R2012a\bin"</div>
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Step-4: Connect your Arduino board to your PC/Laptop</div>
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Step-5: Open Arduino IDE Tool and copy the downloaded source file on to the new sketch file. Compile it and upload it on to the Arduino Uno board.</div>
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Step-6: Now Open your MATLAB and type "arduino" on command prompt. You will see some scrolling message. Then type "a=arduino('COMx'), x is your COM port number which is assigned to your board. </div>
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Step-7: If you want to read analog port data then type "b=a.analogRead(0)" this will read analog port A0 data. If you want read/write any digital pin use these instructions</div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #191919; line-height: 14.9333333969116px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #191919; line-height: 14.9333333969116px;">a.pinMode(9,'input'); </span></span></div>
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arduino;</div>
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a=arduino('COM3'); // In my case it is connected to COM3 port</div>
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t=1:1:100;</div>
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b=a.analogRead(0);</div>
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plot(b);</div>
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a.pinMode(8,'input');</div>
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a.digitalRead(8);</div>
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a.pinMode(13,'output');</div>
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a.digitalWrite(13,1);</div>
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pause(1)</div>
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a.digitalWrite(13,0);</div>
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<b><u><span style="color: #bf9000; font-size: large;">Method-2:</span></u></b></div>
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Step-1: Write this code in Arduino IDE tool and upload this code on to your board. </div>
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void setup()</div>
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{</div>
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Serial.begin(9600);</div>
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while (!Serial) {</div>
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; // wait for serial port to connect. Needed for Leonardo only</div>
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}</div>
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}</div>
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void loop()</div>
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{</div>
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Serial.print("Hello World!");</div>
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// Write your code here</div>
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}</div>
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Step-2: Open MATLAB and type this code in matlab file and run the code</div>
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s = serial('COM3'); // In my case it is connected to COM3 port</div>
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fopen(s);</div>
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fprintf(s, 'Your serial data goes here');</div>
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out = fscanf(s);</div>
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% Data Analysis </div>
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fclose(s);</div>
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delete(s);</div>
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clear s;</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06684728874175402475noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9211241143385630911.post-47182745940508514892014-11-02T21:11:00.000+05:302014-11-02T21:11:00.044+05:30ATmega16A/32 USB Boot-loader Circuit/Programmer<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Fig.1 shows the ATmega16A USB boot-loader circuit. Integrate all the components shown in the circuit. Download the AVR USB Flash programmer tool and upload your .HEX file on to the microcontroller. The circuit can be used as a separate programmer or it can be integrated on to your project.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_50McjY2oWcYebw8k4qfqZWjNvhAt8BI9E30HA5mOQ8D1LjMmt0TJg2zHpOaUbyi29ls5zniSlULtjoUwlQNpRWoFzh_51AId3xL4XKHOGFSMPwSNQS-X3BqZBuoR3GRi-34a7FfMxSg/s1600/Screenshot+2014-11-01+18.25.30.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_50McjY2oWcYebw8k4qfqZWjNvhAt8BI9E30HA5mOQ8D1LjMmt0TJg2zHpOaUbyi29ls5zniSlULtjoUwlQNpRWoFzh_51AId3xL4XKHOGFSMPwSNQS-X3BqZBuoR3GRi-34a7FfMxSg/s1600/Screenshot+2014-11-01+18.25.30.png" height="225" width="400" /></a></div>
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Fig.1 ATmega16A USB Boot-loader circuit</div>
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Fig.2 shows the ATmega16A/32 USB boot-loader and Development kit. Connect all the components and upload your .HEX file on to the controller. This circuit can be used to program your controllers and also can be used as a standard development board. It has character LCD and SPI connections. This circuit is best for students doing embedded system projects on ATmega16A controller.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2jJVgjOsV95A9MKcq-cnwT_wAgWGAJSLiVC_vNO_iu6fGP35bR85M9kdqHkLSJJgACo2QC3WY9Cl6xtJbYB7RWvTBVnuYB9LyWuR8wXL3DXLHljGBRHz1iNOP0CHtWH7pCepk3OMFpK4/s1600/Screenshot+2014-10-31+16.41.44.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2jJVgjOsV95A9MKcq-cnwT_wAgWGAJSLiVC_vNO_iu6fGP35bR85M9kdqHkLSJJgACo2QC3WY9Cl6xtJbYB7RWvTBVnuYB9LyWuR8wXL3DXLHljGBRHz1iNOP0CHtWH7pCepk3OMFpK4/s1600/Screenshot+2014-10-31+16.41.44.png" height="225" width="400" /></a></div>
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Fig.2 ATmega16A/32 USB Boot-loader and Development kit circuit</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06684728874175402475noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9211241143385630911.post-30451887777703808742014-06-21T11:48:00.000+05:302014-11-03T21:09:44.381+05:30PWM based temperature controller using ATmega16A <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Abstract:</span></b> In this project we are going to design an embedded system that controls the temperature using a PWM signal, generated by a ATmega16A controller. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Here we assume that our required temperature is 145 degrees C' and the bandwidth is ∆T= 20 degrees C. And also assume that it takes 10sec to heat up to 145 degrees C(this is not true in all cases). With ∆T= 20 degrees C maximum temperature is 155 degrees C and minimum temperature would be 145 degrees C. Duty cycle can be calculated using the following formula..</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;"> </span><span style="color: red;"><b> T_duty</b></span><span style="color: red;"><b> =1- (T_sensor – T0)/∆T</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: red;"> here T0=145 degrees C </span><span style="color: red;">and T_sensor is the temperature sensor output</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">If you want to control higher temperatures, say above 150 degree C, then you have to use Thermistors instead of LM35. Here <span style="color: #38761d;"><b>10*T_duty</b></span> gives the ON time duration and <span style="color: #38761d;"><b>10*(1-T_duty)</b></span> gives the OFF time duration.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh469y_luMBjBe7eyi7wAbPGrrfbd02Sk-frjiMZOlxdDPGwiyyGVIons2xLmqvj8lfx2hE2n7llJ8ewxnr1WU3ab1lBc3BdRhvZ4qulGilLkQmDQJe62-OzQ5ulN0gXzpctWf41_O5tKc/s1600/pwm.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh469y_luMBjBe7eyi7wAbPGrrfbd02Sk-frjiMZOlxdDPGwiyyGVIons2xLmqvj8lfx2hE2n7llJ8ewxnr1WU3ab1lBc3BdRhvZ4qulGilLkQmDQJe62-OzQ5ulN0gXzpctWf41_O5tKc/s1600/pwm.png" height="157" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;"><b>Operation:-</b> </span>The temperature sensor will sense the temperature of the device/chamber and a Nichrome wire used as a Heating element. Here LM35 is connected to the internal ADC0 pin of ATmega16A controller. ADC output will be the T_sensor value and is used to calculate the T_duty cycle period. PD0 pin carries the PWM signal, is connected to the Nichrome wire. If there is a change in temperature T_duty will change and the PWM will change. Example, if the temperature is higher than the required then the T_duty (ON time) will be reduced and OFF time will be increased to cool down the temperature. If the temperature is lower than the required then the T_duty (ON time) will be increased and OFF time will be reduced to increase the temperature. </span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: inherit;">When the temperature is 144 degrees C </span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: inherit;"> T_duty = 1-(144 - 135)/20 = 0.55*10=5.5sec = ON time</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: inherit;"> 1-T_duty = 1-0.55= 10*0.45=4.5sec = OFF time</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghJa0q_8Xk9PEDiBBTdhQyGiu938Z-1Q7mTZ70rIkO0LroT30rsWhdJVSFfLRw2DMsO9fOATKmLP9B1ytZJzCoVq3qIGn3lq4aiZDD6kpq7lmtoTwBqZnPzD7rRdV0IIgBR44NXAcyCIE/s1600/PWM_1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghJa0q_8Xk9PEDiBBTdhQyGiu938Z-1Q7mTZ70rIkO0LroT30rsWhdJVSFfLRw2DMsO9fOATKmLP9B1ytZJzCoVq3qIGn3lq4aiZDD6kpq7lmtoTwBqZnPzD7rRdV0IIgBR44NXAcyCIE/s1600/PWM_1.png" height="256" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="color: red; font-family: inherit;"> <span style="text-align: justify;">When the temperature is 150 degrees C </span></span><br />
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<span style="color: red; font-family: inherit;"> T_duty = 1-(150 - 135)/20 = 0.2*10=2.5sec = ON time</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: inherit;"> 1-T_duty = 1-0.25= 10*0.7=7.5sec = OFF time</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWHJJj0Unb5iuPP6rT-2SbUXi6vp2v34gyODWaG_IDEqNxNDUDR05x3fWm7b6ZZf6-GKBg_I63o2MdPXmM_Q_PHYNFx7fBY_2XFaRTsEYImF1vzhHcvkcnvXfEC5ojVMt05f2HTYaoIkI/s1600/PWM_2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWHJJj0Unb5iuPP6rT-2SbUXi6vp2v34gyODWaG_IDEqNxNDUDR05x3fWm7b6ZZf6-GKBg_I63o2MdPXmM_Q_PHYNFx7fBY_2XFaRTsEYImF1vzhHcvkcnvXfEC5ojVMt05f2HTYaoIkI/s1600/PWM_2.png" height="255" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Flow chart:- <a href="https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B535sEhR4rLVNWJEWmV1MWNCNGc/edit"><button type="button"><b>Click Here</b></button></a> to download the source code</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWMGE7ricFhqmf12B5jhqtRpToNliGmF73j2Gh59g3fvc3YX1-YJeqsCxfwJQH3sggPofkXECHj7r1lj8rwIBhgMZQJHk2mLYYpEqmwhF2UFp9DYDaRN1xKM2OEvJkjkb7ZwN2BHaEzfI/s1600/Untitled.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWMGE7ricFhqmf12B5jhqtRpToNliGmF73j2Gh59g3fvc3YX1-YJeqsCxfwJQH3sggPofkXECHj7r1lj8rwIBhgMZQJHk2mLYYpEqmwhF2UFp9DYDaRN1xKM2OEvJkjkb7ZwN2BHaEzfI/s1600/Untitled.png" height="247" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: red;">NOTE: </span><span style="color: blue;">The time required to heat up to a required temperature will depend on the type of heating material used. Calculate the time required and use it to generate PWM. </span></span></b></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06684728874175402475noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9211241143385630911.post-62655116906472257952014-06-14T14:45:00.000+05:302014-07-27T18:41:03.894+05:30Wheatstone bridge application using ATmega16A<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="color: #6aa84f;"><b>Abstract:</b></span> In this project we are going to build a circuit that calculates the unknown resistance in a Wheatstone bridge using voltage subtractor and Internal ADC of a ATmega16A.<br />
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Wheatstone bridge is used to calculate the unknown resistance in a circuit. Here we are using OpAmp based subtractor circuit to calculate the voltage 'Vg', which is used to calculate the unknown resistance. The two buffer amplifiers are used to provide virtual isolation between the wheatstone bridge and the subtractor. Below circuit shows the working of a subtractor,<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRzMXpjjIx_6mICSc9tuDXReaBU_3tIyPj8Rh4-lKPZy1MpVdA0rRXABNCVZQPuoRnC0qBO-YTxPGG0uRnBDjaY9Y2YZLQ1ZphJa7etKBSeaxoinB9rgv3Z8u3Et8IZAm-O0znm6fZl-k/s1600/subtractor.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRzMXpjjIx_6mICSc9tuDXReaBU_3tIyPj8Rh4-lKPZy1MpVdA0rRXABNCVZQPuoRnC0qBO-YTxPGG0uRnBDjaY9Y2YZLQ1ZphJa7etKBSeaxoinB9rgv3Z8u3Et8IZAm-O0znm6fZl-k/s1600/subtractor.jpg" height="150" width="320" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioLcnONjmCfJFMAVhIJv3BbvCAV_A3GVtNjPegEkfyYPufaPTxizx2g3qrXIyzSYElFbzbkWu89FIrEh30DiwkvFIUkxIcoMLKtQ1GxaF4y4ZAsV7PfnpHBmaClYj1sNpQ4ygUkJjBa74/s1600/subtractor_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioLcnONjmCfJFMAVhIJv3BbvCAV_A3GVtNjPegEkfyYPufaPTxizx2g3qrXIyzSYElFbzbkWu89FIrEh30DiwkvFIUkxIcoMLKtQ1GxaF4y4ZAsV7PfnpHBmaClYj1sNpQ4ygUkJjBa74/s1600/subtractor_1.jpg" height="150" width="320" /></a></div>
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NOTE: In case of ATmega16A we don't need to use external subtractor because ATmega16A is having differential input mode.<br />
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Here we selected external ADC reference voltage 5V. So, the output of a ADC value is multiplied with its resolution to get input voltage, 5/1024. This voltage is given as 'Vg' in wheatstone bridge equation to calculate the resistance, remaining three resistors are set to 1k ohm.<br />
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Here's the program flow<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3hK6o8HiuP0ea-lp-UBa-TXRFHpwsajHOJrdeuGZF2K2NTARmtUz42N0tKz4Pre3znKZ30CRhVSrLnu_Zu07mF548zAmZt8UqE6oCYnrIz5QU8fuI-oesIF7W_7X6LeqerucUkoYOjU8/s1600/flow_1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3hK6o8HiuP0ea-lp-UBa-TXRFHpwsajHOJrdeuGZF2K2NTARmtUz42N0tKz4Pre3znKZ30CRhVSrLnu_Zu07mF548zAmZt8UqE6oCYnrIz5QU8fuI-oesIF7W_7X6LeqerucUkoYOjU8/s1600/flow_1.png" height="301" width="320" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9iUV8W5WHePHkhFVKI44Uf9HCosySxRUPF2SvTMp-mOLOJw1efYBq5OatxhXF1NCtOEW9zah7k8Zi-8S_riT_hhJU9QkBWmebQdqn7EsRCvin01bVQFqf96Ijw-wVLS3k05yhYextKXc/s1600/flow_2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9iUV8W5WHePHkhFVKI44Uf9HCosySxRUPF2SvTMp-mOLOJw1efYBq5OatxhXF1NCtOEW9zah7k8Zi-8S_riT_hhJU9QkBWmebQdqn7EsRCvin01bVQFqf96Ijw-wVLS3k05yhYextKXc/s1600/flow_2.png" height="291" width="320" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B535sEhR4rLVZkRIT3FjOXBKS1E/edit"><button type="button">Click Here</button> <span style="color: black;">to download the code</span></a><br />
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Working images of the total circuit<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiobwtOljtE4r1IFyo3uKFPLV7iUaeOqRPQMa9W3V8pgnc6Wg39_wElM8QgKb8m8E0AhPsB4cWkwpTs6CjPdpy7yKb8XNhNpntENMt50UfizMAuZtU_hh6HjsWOE3GIJkC3y-ljJeII9aU/s1600/ADC_1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiobwtOljtE4r1IFyo3uKFPLV7iUaeOqRPQMa9W3V8pgnc6Wg39_wElM8QgKb8m8E0AhPsB4cWkwpTs6CjPdpy7yKb8XNhNpntENMt50UfizMAuZtU_hh6HjsWOE3GIJkC3y-ljJeII9aU/s1600/ADC_1.png" height="227" width="320" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWHf-NAhjczJLx-bNg3iTFpgUXSYPpWWUSgJRS0DJHaR2GVDmUsM-mJGdBWC4pI41fAu2_DkkCI7AYf4jbw-qpweAtacrNKuuS5R-xujVvgTrRiYbFkP4KGqwZTwOqEmm8GAW3KvuwP1s/s1600/ADC_2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWHf-NAhjczJLx-bNg3iTFpgUXSYPpWWUSgJRS0DJHaR2GVDmUsM-mJGdBWC4pI41fAu2_DkkCI7AYf4jbw-qpweAtacrNKuuS5R-xujVvgTrRiYbFkP4KGqwZTwOqEmm8GAW3KvuwP1s/s1600/ADC_2.png" height="228" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b>Click here</b> to see the working video. <br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/wODYLaWE8T8?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06684728874175402475noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9211241143385630911.post-26575015038692006682014-03-15T11:17:00.001+05:302014-03-15T11:19:00.376+05:30How to Embed/Integrate the Circuit?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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This is for those who doesn't know how to solder/integrate/Embed their circuits/system on to the Veroboard/PCB/Vector board. Many new people do the same mistake </div>
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- first they will solder every thing and they inserts all ICs in it, after that once they switch on the power supply they will experience short circuit, higher voltage, low voltage and IC burning problems. </div>
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- These problems are due the lack of knowledge in design.</div>
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- Follow these steps to avoid such kind of problems </div>
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1. Be ready with your working circuit, components, digital multimeter, soldering iron, etc.,</div>
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2. In any circuit first solder the power supply, it may be from AC to DC or DC to DC.</div>
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3. Check the input, output and intermediate voltages(in case of many stages) with Digital Multimeter(DMM).</div>
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Verify the measured voltages with required voltages. If not, verify the connections and see whether you connected the same component or not. If you get the required voltages then proceed to the next step, otherwise don't proceed until you rectify the issue because this will cause to major problems further.<br />
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4. Now First solder the IC bases and give only Power supply connections to the base. Check the voltage in each and every pin with respect to the ground pin. If you get the required voltages proceed to the next step, otherwise verify the connections.<span style="color: red;">Make sure that ICs are not inserted in to the bases.</span></div>
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5. Connect the other components like resistor, capacitor networks and relays etc., check the input and output of each sub network individually. If you get the satisfied voltages then integrate them together. Check for the entire circuit voltages at each pin with respect to the ground pin. Check for the connection if you get undesired results. <span style="color: red;">Make sure that ICs are not inserted in to the bases.</span></div>
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6. If you are sure that you are getting all desired voltages you can insert ICs in it. Check the connectivity of each pin with multimeter to identify whether there is any loose contact or short circuit contact.</div>
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If all the connections and input output voltages are correct but still if the functionality is wrong then make sure that IC is working properly or not and check for the programming errors.</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06684728874175402475noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9211241143385630911.post-44550098213193940202013-07-22T20:21:00.001+05:302014-11-25T10:37:26.846+05:30GSM based Anti Theft security locker system<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Generally in our homes and banks we will put our money ,Gold and other expensive items in the lockers. In case if there is no person in the home/bank, there is a chance that an unauthorized person (stealer) may broke the locker and steal your property. There is no guarantee that you will get back your property. Keeping this point in mind i designed a security system which will alert the owner and Cops when unauthorized person opens your locker. </div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"><b>Block diagram: </b></span> </div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9211241143385630911" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" height="216" 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" style="cursor: move;" width="400" /> </a></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9211241143385630911&pli=1" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9211241143385630911&pli=1" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><br /></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=embeddelectr-20&l=as2&o=1&a=B00A1D90Q6" height="1" style="border: none !important; margin: 0px !important;" width="1" />
<b> </b><br />
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<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b><br />
<b>Working: </b><br />
When
the locker is closed the controller will not send any message to the
owner. When unauthorized person opens the door the controller will send
a message <span style="color: red;">"Warning: Unauthorized person opened the lock"</span> to the owner ( and also to the police controller room with address if required).
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<b></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #38761d;"><b>Schematic Diagram:</b></span> </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2Chmwi3W42ZPfnTKfKU8WdOSOfZuyK5fHUApmuWmBYQ47iTlH4IIL-H1FZoTJcmZCNxXHnNQeud_5e-_VyDKPPX7iq6NqA4RTPNE2a09bMBEwowrcEIQ-ahlXM26nfPQ-tG6MhHSQpykT/s1600/GSM_security_locker.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2Chmwi3W42ZPfnTKfKU8WdOSOfZuyK5fHUApmuWmBYQ47iTlH4IIL-H1FZoTJcmZCNxXHnNQeud_5e-_VyDKPPX7iq6NqA4RTPNE2a09bMBEwowrcEIQ-ahlXM26nfPQ-tG6MhHSQpykT/s1600/GSM_security_locker.bmp" height="231" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>unauthorized person opened the lock</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhEdOy4imKS2XYvJ4FLtNaSwN1Yx5RMBpB6AzTt2fndOj_-KLQeLC3LQD6nU4L0IOEgisCgf0GQEXD4o_Ru6ZOibxskEm6UKADWmOySEeIbJStyWqXUbS-U51Ag2TSYxjgd5zxmGsE3NLu/s1600/GSM_security_locker_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhEdOy4imKS2XYvJ4FLtNaSwN1Yx5RMBpB6AzTt2fndOj_-KLQeLC3LQD6nU4L0IOEgisCgf0GQEXD4o_Ru6ZOibxskEm6UKADWmOySEeIbJStyWqXUbS-U51Ag2TSYxjgd5zxmGsE3NLu/s1600/GSM_security_locker_1.jpg" height="217" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #38761d;"><b><a href="https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B535sEhR4rLVOVBBeTNxejVhVWM/edit" target="_blank"><button type="button"><b>Click Here</b></button></a><a href="http://click%20here/" target="_blank"></a> to download C-code </b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #38761d;"><b> Flow Chart:</b></span><br />
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9211241143385630911" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9211241143385630911" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9211241143385630911" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9211241143385630911" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><span style="color: #38761d;"><b> <img alt="" height="320" 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" 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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9211241143385630911.post-42416569113309826832013-06-29T20:16:00.002+05:302013-08-04T10:51:32.500+05:30Pulse Rate monitoring in PC (wireless) <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9211241143385630911&pli=1" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a>This circuit is used to display the number of pulses occurred per minute on the PC desktop.we can use this to calculate frequency of the signal.<span style="color: #38761d;"><b> </b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"><b>Working:</b></span> i will calculate the signal peaks every minute and i will send that information using wireless protocol(Gigbee/GSM). on the other end i will receive by the same wireless device and i will send the same data to RS232 port of a PC. You can monitor the data on Hyper-terminal.</div>
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You have to connect wireless device GSM/Gigbee on both sides. depending the device connected you have modify your code. <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgRqm5iRbrV9-TKydsr_73rQHjZkW8dpgRvkgh3YVupHGkkqL42Nx-U3SrUWZ3HWnmxA-LDLrH32hajCfOsPybQEutURFRi0fkwSD53hSn579GwzNdLdKbJxZfWjQx5TGjnq0Eak9DCfZV/s1049/PPG2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgRqm5iRbrV9-TKydsr_73rQHjZkW8dpgRvkgh3YVupHGkkqL42Nx-U3SrUWZ3HWnmxA-LDLrH32hajCfOsPybQEutURFRi0fkwSD53hSn579GwzNdLdKbJxZfWjQx5TGjnq0Eak9DCfZV/s1049/PPG2.jpg" height="260" width="400" /></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=embeddelectr-20&l=as2&o=1&a=B000UOD5QM" height="1" style="border: none !important; margin: 0px !important;" width="1" />
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<span style="color: red;"><b>NOTE: </b></span>i haven't indicated any wireless device. that will be connected to DB9 port.</div>
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More information is prohibited here on this topic.</div>
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This system will indicate empty and filled car parking slots at the entry. Now a days Car parking at shopping malls and markets is becoming a big issue and is causing to traffic jam. To avoid this problem we are designing this system to indicate empty slots and filled slots, so that a car driving person can directly take his car to that particular empty slot. we will indicate the slot state by LEDs and also in LCD screen. we will use IR sensors to sense the presence of car in the slot. </div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"><b>Working:</b></span> when a car enter into a empty slot the photo detector output will become '1', this will change the state of the slot to filled, otherwise it is remained in empty state only. like wise all the slots are detected by IR sensors.</div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"><b>Here is the functional flow chart</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM5zCrsOUnrTunz0S1ZOTcK0jzpQeoPD8VmqJtyO7rYfw_lA3VkH714vFFW0_BTNTgLjnDRMb3aSQmGNrkCxYLZoduYRYY88dqVC52dQCzZEw2Sq4EI4BqtDti73YRcEeyv9aHi8ROIEDD/s1600/car_parking_flow.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM5zCrsOUnrTunz0S1ZOTcK0jzpQeoPD8VmqJtyO7rYfw_lA3VkH714vFFW0_BTNTgLjnDRMb3aSQmGNrkCxYLZoduYRYY88dqVC52dQCzZEw2Sq4EI4BqtDti73YRcEeyv9aHi8ROIEDD/s1600/car_parking_flow.jpg" height="321" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><b><a href="https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B535sEhR4rLVbW1CSEN2R20xV2M/edit" target="_blank"><button type="button"><b>Click Here</b></button></a> to download C-code</b></span><br />
<span style="color: red;"><b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DGWl5feGT0s" target="_blank"><button type="button"><b>Click Here</b></button></a> to see output video </b></span><br />
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9211241143385630911&pli=1" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9211241143385630911&pli=1" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><span style="color: red;"><b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q9CSKQYJ1eA" target="_blank"><button type="button"><b>Click Here</b></button></a> to see working video -1</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><b>Schematic Diagram:</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><b>case'1': <span style="color: #38761d;">when all the slots are empty</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;">all the LEDs are glowing and slot states are displayed in LCD</span><b> </b></span></div>
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<b>here <span style="color: #38761d;">LED ON means slot empty</span>; and <span style="color: #38761d;">LED OFF means slot filled </span></b> </div>
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<b>case'2':</b></span><span style="color: #38761d;"><b> when 1st and 2nd slots are filled</b></span></div>
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1st and 2nd LEDs are glowing and the same thing is displayed in LCD</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9211241143385630911&pli=1" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9211241143385630911&pli=1" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0uYhKv6eOLkOPbbXLYEsi6kmxa3BYv_qdqIkfVPsN9IoI_6-wjyGLuKO8eEsuP1DjB3GWbVVsMMYXbp051SskXkLqYO26W5n09hxVusBprRGsCZSBmiGTJDrcqNnWIGW1MwNbMRJPXiRi/s1600/car_parking_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0uYhKv6eOLkOPbbXLYEsi6kmxa3BYv_qdqIkfVPsN9IoI_6-wjyGLuKO8eEsuP1DjB3GWbVVsMMYXbp051SskXkLqYO26W5n09hxVusBprRGsCZSBmiGTJDrcqNnWIGW1MwNbMRJPXiRi/s1600/car_parking_1.jpg" height="247" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><b>NOTE:</b></span></div>
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pushbuttons are to be replaced by IR sensors and comparators </div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9211241143385630911.post-88843092929557392222013-06-06T16:56:00.003+05:302013-12-13T12:03:34.059+05:30Coal mine detection robot<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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It is mandatory to check the coal mine weather conditions prior to workers entry. If the weather conditions are normal then workers can enter , otherwise they will not go inside the mine. To check the weather conditions all over the mine we will send one robot which will monitor CO (carbon monoxide) in the mine, temperature and light intensity in the mine. After reading each parameter it will compare with threshold readings and produces output depending the readings taken. This robot is also an obstacle avoidance robot, it uses IR sensors to control its movement in the mine. </div>
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<b>here is the flow chart</b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhteQidXtRlJxTEl9We8gE4jrpw4C0BFSR73khmG8_1FckXRp-XxRsi9fTywrQRDz3uNfxjVO14CNUqkActa74w9ApnGrYkbB1cEsFG3nXhwaMJAdeuug0WQ798gsGMsOA41mGLE-FmH9zS/s1600/coal_mine_detection_flow.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhteQidXtRlJxTEl9We8gE4jrpw4C0BFSR73khmG8_1FckXRp-XxRsi9fTywrQRDz3uNfxjVO14CNUqkActa74w9ApnGrYkbB1cEsFG3nXhwaMJAdeuug0WQ798gsGMsOA41mGLE-FmH9zS/s1600/coal_mine_detection_flow.jpg" height="215" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B535sEhR4rLVdFEwRDA2LUJ5YWs/edit" target="_blank"><button type="button"><b>click here</b></button></a> <span style="color: #38761d;"><b>to download C-code</b></span><br />
<span style="color: #38761d;"><b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oeTOR_Rk0hk" target="_blank"><button type="button"><b>Click Here</b></button></a> to see video output</b></span><br />
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<span style="color: #38761d;"><b>Schematic Diagram:</b></span><br />
<span style="color: #38761d;"><b><span style="color: red;">case'1':</span> when the light intensity is less in the mine</b></span><br />
<span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;">pulse width to the light is 0.1sec. and obstacle detected on left side. robot moving to right side </span></span><br />
<span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;"> <b> A Reference book to learn about robots in hazardous environments here</b></span><b><br /></b></span><br />
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9211241143385630911&pli=1" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9211241143385630911&pli=1" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9211241143385630911&pli=1" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9211241143385630911&pli=1" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbYL4vazPQDHEv3N_VkZoh_B6W6sJ8GShuxCITxIBxhZW7-55MepNbRYGfUNkJIWiM7AxazlRbFKQhTZxM0QSZaEs7al0n_9p21S8NWhOAaS3vIbPV4SjNDc_zviwLvjRyFSYML1AM3RAB/s1600/coalmine_detection.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbYL4vazPQDHEv3N_VkZoh_B6W6sJ8GShuxCITxIBxhZW7-55MepNbRYGfUNkJIWiM7AxazlRbFKQhTZxM0QSZaEs7al0n_9p21S8NWhOAaS3vIbPV4SjNDc_zviwLvjRyFSYML1AM3RAB/s1600/coalmine_detection.jpg" height="281" width="400" /></a>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"><b><span style="color: red;">case'2': <span style="color: #38761d;">when light intensity is less, high temperature and CO gas exceeded in the mine</span></span></b></span><br />
<span style="color: #38761d;"><b><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: #38761d;"> </span></span></b><span style="color: black;">pulse width to the light is varying 0.1s, 0.25s and 0.5 sec to indicate 3 parameters are not in normal condition. and no obstacle detected</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9211241143385630911&pli=1" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9211241143385630911&pli=1" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEphcGpHi7yLJmVSqfc8TLxjO2QvdPiVifrAb86CEOCi4zDTZsfzxMawEa6r-GOfbOmnzN1FtoCtoBsiWezrp0lKEv87pKclTD8QTnPunJd-ym2Rf9YvSft-yL9vLfvx0kMZDdhK6iPMQw/s1600/coalmine_detection_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEphcGpHi7yLJmVSqfc8TLxjO2QvdPiVifrAb86CEOCi4zDTZsfzxMawEa6r-GOfbOmnzN1FtoCtoBsiWezrp0lKEv87pKclTD8QTnPunJd-ym2Rf9YvSft-yL9vLfvx0kMZDdhK6iPMQw/s1600/coalmine_detection_1.jpg" height="278" width="400" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: red;"><b>NOTE: </b></span></span><br />
push button at P1.3 has to be replaced by CO Gas sensor,<br />
<span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;">push buttons at P1.4 and P1.4 are to be replaced by IR sensors.</span><b> </b></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;">Green LED will be replaced by Buzzer.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;">Threshold values may vary in practical </span><b> </b></span><b><br /></b></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9211241143385630911.post-90898989282298128332013-06-06T16:49:00.000+05:302013-12-13T12:04:04.428+05:30line follower robot using 8051<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
This robot can follow black line on the floor. It is designed using micro controller and IR sensors.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga0YJukMjQa-IAiRh_1a8sBsZqTNT81LwvnuNAbHribBCDd8Yy5fLXk1EJziWtZHP1lVwbkXlVF-6Jy_UPxR2Wu77JeM39Op7WUH5i4p5MXpL0SKHKLNzAtk9FxW5YnDXqu_luwIJgXKQO/s1600/linefollower_flow.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga0YJukMjQa-IAiRh_1a8sBsZqTNT81LwvnuNAbHribBCDd8Yy5fLXk1EJziWtZHP1lVwbkXlVF-6Jy_UPxR2Wu77JeM39Op7WUH5i4p5MXpL0SKHKLNzAtk9FxW5YnDXqu_luwIJgXKQO/s1600/linefollower_flow.jpg" height="296" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B535sEhR4rLVb2l0eGl3TEZCbnM/edit" target="_blank"><button type="button"><b>Click Here</b></button></a> <span style="color: #38761d;"><b>to download C-code</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"><b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mjW3_LNphVc" target="_blank"><button type="button"><b>Click Here</b></button></a> to see video output</b></span></div>
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Here is the simple schematic diagram </div>
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case'1': when right motor crossed black line </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXfmnkMZXsCG8zFMj1ltKrjOHuyDAO33CK3EGxW65oJAXIaa5BWQ9504ZQ6krjBkmuxIobY1n7zYlo9HwI7J4UqiCHxnWGpqH4NY8swz66G02J9CxH0jCd5SjFBGbiLMi97_oFhq_oS0Tu/s1600/linefollower_robot.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> <img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXfmnkMZXsCG8zFMj1ltKrjOHuyDAO33CK3EGxW65oJAXIaa5BWQ9504ZQ6krjBkmuxIobY1n7zYlo9HwI7J4UqiCHxnWGpqH4NY8swz66G02J9CxH0jCd5SjFBGbiLMi97_oFhq_oS0Tu/s1600/linefollower_robot.jpg" height="220" width="400" /></a>
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case'2': normal operation</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQgnou9AwIDR8rhfyZgHyvJ-rig7S7jlA2iQD0iRaifdFGZBiovXmpHHJZfhSOON3j_O57lUesYQG-eB-RJ293DByZRd0H4QSHxHeuabmk_MDMHI-wnBbmrCDiTwbp2RFLu2oYQdcX8j7S/s1600/linefollower_robot_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQgnou9AwIDR8rhfyZgHyvJ-rig7S7jlA2iQD0iRaifdFGZBiovXmpHHJZfhSOON3j_O57lUesYQG-eB-RJ293DByZRd0H4QSHxHeuabmk_MDMHI-wnBbmrCDiTwbp2RFLu2oYQdcX8j7S/s1600/linefollower_robot_1.jpg" height="227" width="400" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="color: red;"> IR sensor operation</span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqILjG_111_h_nO_VejygoKr4Wbeuwp5hXtl2HSZTv1u9h2paMgdMM4NXmcGEjahi7yLWzhni8-psAYE554j7-YIEXkG60iEtuwGCIkSGhplVmYsZI6LAurG1U1tSW88e_kyai2YR6HD6G/s1600/princ.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqILjG_111_h_nO_VejygoKr4Wbeuwp5hXtl2HSZTv1u9h2paMgdMM4NXmcGEjahi7yLWzhni8-psAYE554j7-YIEXkG60iEtuwGCIkSGhplVmYsZI6LAurG1U1tSW88e_kyai2YR6HD6G/s1600/princ.gif" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="color: red;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWw5lzx4zE5EHwZun5aurKEHUOABBQwrUwRXlpdAaq67dQCB35Xw6BfvlOJTCdsDc5dvkKzKFkU_yNzLfhHr99YDlGKbXWsOWtfXYbWaUC7r6zCt_7HwnSdGTCsghGcAQi8w36XSU6AuC_/s1600/linefollower_robot.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><b><span style="color: red;">NOTE:</span></b></a></div>
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push buttons should be replaced by IR senors and comparator circuits </div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9211241143385630911.post-76395244935530336162013-06-06T12:08:00.001+05:302013-12-13T12:04:24.232+05:30Line follower robot without microcontroller<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Here is a robot which will follow the black line on the floor. This is controlled on the basis of IR sensors. This doesn't use any micro controller and microprogram.<br />
This is the logic circuit to control the robot operations<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0Gw6oHHStkp1FfCnXk05WuNRE-wQoHD-TQVPvcFapsk27q-XHihwmKegugUKeC8qTLWULSy8MLnNP9ICIUI72LYNv3mu0eONL5PVGYxuyVKoL763Yb5mq2taTomTqPhgEDeCWOoXs_pDb/s1600/linefollwer_logic.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0Gw6oHHStkp1FfCnXk05WuNRE-wQoHD-TQVPvcFapsk27q-XHihwmKegugUKeC8qTLWULSy8MLnNP9ICIUI72LYNv3mu0eONL5PVGYxuyVKoL763Yb5mq2taTomTqPhgEDeCWOoXs_pDb/s1600/linefollwer_logic.jpg" height="245" width="400" /></a>
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l<span style="color: #38761d;"><b>logic reduction using k-map</b></span><br />
<span style="color: #38761d;"><b> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fL2nuOnFOxA" target="_blank"><button type="button"><b>Click Here</b></button></a> <span style="color: red;">to see video output </span></b></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhne7a3DtK4QvVwfZypu0tynWcJiPcOth_W5iechVX3BxmQdysu6_L7ZWh2yHd69aXLNgyyNaMv7i6Zn1YPUdAXYq-cqMGxi9d2m4P5CpkYeb4qZy41YDQbYMPAJyHYZ-UhXyy4iGo18a9l/s1600/linefollwer_table.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhne7a3DtK4QvVwfZypu0tynWcJiPcOth_W5iechVX3BxmQdysu6_L7ZWh2yHd69aXLNgyyNaMv7i6Zn1YPUdAXYq-cqMGxi9d2m4P5CpkYeb4qZy41YDQbYMPAJyHYZ-UhXyy4iGo18a9l/s1600/linefollwer_table.jpg" height="361" width="400" /></a></div>
reduced logic<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh95XdJPljFZCpdVjdJyfBd74x7Q2WdH51sB8prfInlOV7ZRnX5bc3Ro80Lw7B63YkBZZtE-QAP0E-hsOt-lj1683xrVIgATYyAcIHzsIr0hspPkw6zsEeKRDXxZvIlPaMPisqhnK7NXG-0/s1600/linefollower_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh95XdJPljFZCpdVjdJyfBd74x7Q2WdH51sB8prfInlOV7ZRnX5bc3Ro80Lw7B63YkBZZtE-QAP0E-hsOt-lj1683xrVIgATYyAcIHzsIr0hspPkw6zsEeKRDXxZvIlPaMPisqhnK7NXG-0/s1600/linefollower_1.jpg" height="197" width="400" /></a></div>
<span style="color: red;"><b>IR sensor operation</b></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqILjG_111_h_nO_VejygoKr4Wbeuwp5hXtl2HSZTv1u9h2paMgdMM4NXmcGEjahi7yLWzhni8-psAYE554j7-YIEXkG60iEtuwGCIkSGhplVmYsZI6LAurG1U1tSW88e_kyai2YR6HD6G/s1600/princ.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqILjG_111_h_nO_VejygoKr4Wbeuwp5hXtl2HSZTv1u9h2paMgdMM4NXmcGEjahi7yLWzhni8-psAYE554j7-YIEXkG60iEtuwGCIkSGhplVmYsZI6LAurG1U1tSW88e_kyai2YR6HD6G/s1600/princ.gif" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><b>NOTE:</b></span> here the push buttons are replaced by IR sensors and comparator circuits.</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9211241143385630911.post-3525655056201143322013-06-01T13:59:00.003+05:302013-11-10T16:37:13.059+05:30Automatic Room light and fan control with visitor counting<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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This system will control the room light and fan by taking inputs as <span style="color: #38761d;">person count, room light intensity and room temperature.</span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><b>Working:</b> </span><span style="color: red;"> <span style="color: black;">When there is no person entered in to room then person count will
become zero and then it will not check intensity and temperature, so
that bulb and fan will be in OFF mode. </span> </span>If a person enters into a room then the person count will be increased by '1' and if person exits a room then person count will decrease. If person count is greater than zero then it will check intensity and temperature. If the room intensity is less than the threshold then the bulb will glow otherwise will be in OFF mode only and if the room temperature exceeds the threshold temperature then the fan will start moving otherwise will be in OFF mode only.</div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Pictorial view of system arrangement </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeDUX1C1WbH4cDGoxE5qLncOOYXF6zcHUlf1zuwWNzakZphFMxLjDWnhnOnEaeAlFgAc0iNFzb5Jdjfe_RBCKjMYqYOxhEbpHJtcpYiK1FRPWyysAq8fqXrwCcS9_NKn-qXLnoL8ikkpDt/s1600/Room_light_fan_pic.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeDUX1C1WbH4cDGoxE5qLncOOYXF6zcHUlf1zuwWNzakZphFMxLjDWnhnOnEaeAlFgAc0iNFzb5Jdjfe_RBCKjMYqYOxhEbpHJtcpYiK1FRPWyysAq8fqXrwCcS9_NKn-qXLnoL8ikkpDt/s1600/Room_light_fan_pic.png" height="292" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWyX3r4LlcRt-2eo9FiSzJeP5tVuI3NeUh7Sf8wfi2g39KuMygXsKxaWRNJ7Kjctbh7T4oIYXe8nlPkLEZyYhBDd2VSxo9QZvRu3P8w7NBmOsVH-lpH1cBrwCKwnLSHgWOmUIXBlSAk4xQ/s1600/Room_light_fan_pic.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> </a></div>
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<a href="https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B535sEhR4rLVUDRJdnByOExwMU0/edit" target="_blank"><button type="button"><b>Click Here</b></button></a> <b> <span style="color: #38761d;">to download C-code</span></b></div>
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<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oCe-RSAfSUo" target="_blank"><button type="button"><b>Click Here</b></button></a> <span style="color: #38761d;"><b>to see its working video-1</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"><b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C7VX8o4ZDXI" target="_blank"><button type="button"><b>Click Here</b></button></a> to see working video-2 </b></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: red;">Here is the main flow chart</span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjICsZSUbO1XcUi4gfeiHMHnjPUdoJNzULGClwxFOOr-izZNBKYK0KhFDXFEqOIxFSuLChRK1OAO49p93j3Z9OE3mC_5y-D7w2Jjapf8oqOBnZuqNv0yzWREMEqlOizygb4CDtDuGqWt4x8/s1600/room_light_fan_3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr2QIrpRlOiQmLHIEWnmxVKqXh5YUVIUmOk7hiWSt_BAKQExYuQiMMMg18GuEqdfAcpaG0Pu6fS3njjhyphenhyphenA0PRQqGBL9zqaiwk_RbK0cYp6mAYBDD32w625sRzuKQMgdEqDt7c0lCKUnEpB/s1600/room_light_fan_4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr2QIrpRlOiQmLHIEWnmxVKqXh5YUVIUmOk7hiWSt_BAKQExYuQiMMMg18GuEqdfAcpaG0Pu6fS3njjhyphenhyphenA0PRQqGBL9zqaiwk_RbK0cYp6mAYBDD32w625sRzuKQMgdEqDt7c0lCKUnEpB/s1600/room_light_fan_4.jpg" height="293" width="400" /> </a></div>
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This flow chart is used to indicate person count, but in practical we dont need to implement this part</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjICsZSUbO1XcUi4gfeiHMHnjPUdoJNzULGClwxFOOr-izZNBKYK0KhFDXFEqOIxFSuLChRK1OAO49p93j3Z9OE3mC_5y-D7w2Jjapf8oqOBnZuqNv0yzWREMEqlOizygb4CDtDuGqWt4x8/s1600/room_light_fan_3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjICsZSUbO1XcUi4gfeiHMHnjPUdoJNzULGClwxFOOr-izZNBKYK0KhFDXFEqOIxFSuLChRK1OAO49p93j3Z9OE3mC_5y-D7w2Jjapf8oqOBnZuqNv0yzWREMEqlOizygb4CDtDuGqWt4x8/s1600/room_light_fan_3.jpg" height="278" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><b> Output Results:</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><b>case'1': </b></span><span style="color: #38761d;"><b>when there is no person in the room</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"><b>LEDs showing count value is '0' </b></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin41Ds4arg2GrUj1b1w953Ni0ns_6fVbHICSnJHMMbjJKL1lZZt3470m_4nOi4g58ybOEMq1Uhdf0W72YCJvi40tO9pw2RobZs_WPBkex2nRJH1HgwPcdiR4O25E6k4diYMqc_F16-URaD/s1600/Room_light_fan_1+(2).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin41Ds4arg2GrUj1b1w953Ni0ns_6fVbHICSnJHMMbjJKL1lZZt3470m_4nOi4g58ybOEMq1Uhdf0W72YCJvi40tO9pw2RobZs_WPBkex2nRJH1HgwPcdiR4O25E6k4diYMqc_F16-URaD/s1600/Room_light_fan_1+(2).jpg" height="292" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><b>case'2': </b></span><span style="color: #38761d;"><b>when there are two persons in the room, room condition the intensity is less and temperature is greater than the threshold temperature</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgocSIqJtDdovJ3OYFUxFSAozdn0KaciCn6HxkRaMfaAflE-c_VP1BL6NAN6FrzGKHQ0Pwy29w8Qb7nyZKZArtZ2uZFQeqLD-EJunYsSeYkVKR1sTwvCDdao_UKDId2LSY4N8x1aWc52qG4/s1600/Room_light_fan_2+(2).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgocSIqJtDdovJ3OYFUxFSAozdn0KaciCn6HxkRaMfaAflE-c_VP1BL6NAN6FrzGKHQ0Pwy29w8Qb7nyZKZArtZ2uZFQeqLD-EJunYsSeYkVKR1sTwvCDdao_UKDId2LSY4N8x1aWc52qG4/s1600/Room_light_fan_2+(2).jpg" height="310" width="400" /></a></div>
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<b> </b></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><b>NOTE:</b></span></div>
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1. Threshold values may be different in practical </div>
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2. push buttons will be replaced by IR sensor network in practical </div>
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3. person count LEDs are not needed in practical</div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9211241143385630911.post-6483209100169296752013-05-31T14:34:00.002+05:302013-07-28T12:27:53.054+05:30Automatic Train Gate controlling / Metro Train Indication<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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This Embedded System is designed to control the train junction Gates automatically when train passes across this junction. Here we arrange two IR sensors before the junction ( distance > 500mtrs from Gate junction) and also two IR sensors after the junction (distance > 500mtrs from Gate junction). The IR sensors which are before the junction will indicate that the train is coming near to the junction and the IR sensors which are after the junction will indicate that the train has passed away the junction.</div>
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<span style="color: red;">The pictorial arrangement of the system is shown here</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjJ_2s6QH1AyCEuriJ6s1OlP0AL-fOowUGHH-_a8c3HQsgW2hiu3G3C9ohTa6VXSsBJpxwRlDktmcwBQmCbLDBg5Ll9Odfb_OYslgdZqlSqWryMO85vxh9RMl5vRkwG9Q88Q-RLyh1QsiU/s1600/Rail_gate_3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjJ_2s6QH1AyCEuriJ6s1OlP0AL-fOowUGHH-_a8c3HQsgW2hiu3G3C9ohTa6VXSsBJpxwRlDktmcwBQmCbLDBg5Ll9Odfb_OYslgdZqlSqWryMO85vxh9RMl5vRkwG9Q88Q-RLyh1QsiU/s1600/Rail_gate_3.jpg" height="257" width="400" /></a></div>
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when train comes in between the 2 IR sensors the output of both the photodetectors will become logic - '1'. Then the system will send logic high to the Siren, Red light will glow , green light will turn off and the Gate will close. </div>
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Here is the simple flow chart showing its operation</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbNLx7tmhJ4xGlDBBDNAa2MlqMEMJz3DmToT1Peh6QQcBH3l9zLxhrV3UCj1Bk_jVy6T-VkNa7h3-Kv8bzh_SwJ7EQ5loH6Q3GUXHEmfkrsKNyhB6nO5ozceWmvk6hIfO5BYqy41vX5dZm/s1600/rail_gate.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbNLx7tmhJ4xGlDBBDNAa2MlqMEMJz3DmToT1Peh6QQcBH3l9zLxhrV3UCj1Bk_jVy6T-VkNa7h3-Kv8bzh_SwJ7EQ5loH6Q3GUXHEmfkrsKNyhB6nO5ozceWmvk6hIfO5BYqy41vX5dZm/s1600/rail_gate.jpg" height="303" width="400" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="color: red;">Case'1':</span></b> <b><span style="color: #38761d;">When train is coming near to the junction</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #38761d;"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7CAL_e6HZu4" target="_blank"><button type="button"><b>click here</b></button></a> to see the video output</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #38761d;"><a href="https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B535sEhR4rLVZkJJT3Y5Z1RFbms/edit" target="_blank"><button type="button"><b>click here</b></button></a> to download the C-code Servo Motor</span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUyjrVbvFZ1hF2S5JeoDa9H0KQr1VLGGSwQw9bLohTPcTAYiw0inN1ydA5i1UMNvJOyl6Wo1HVgDjKSmzB6q6IpznC4XG3wPS-XUAhUAM4Ki8t4dprDQ_p_fCfLqEUklDwB3tNusYM_UbK/s1600/Rail_gate_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUyjrVbvFZ1hF2S5JeoDa9H0KQr1VLGGSwQw9bLohTPcTAYiw0inN1ydA5i1UMNvJOyl6Wo1HVgDjKSmzB6q6IpznC4XG3wPS-XUAhUAM4Ki8t4dprDQ_p_fCfLqEUklDwB3tNusYM_UbK/s1600/Rail_gate_1.jpg" height="273" width="400" /></a>
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<b><span style="color: red;">Case '2':</span><span style="color: #38761d;"> When train passed away the junction</span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcL8XInr7NkOeqB4dhduXCPiiyU_tZXkCs3MrwL19bawU55QZM5DdeQFEAtPqauFQ8o2agsSCt_U3ZbWgGwH3yEREkUKWtAuSj-yNULbqMuGMM0GFZAkTtm6WXCW77MsN7W8bnGtjyCGkw/s1600/Rail_gate_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcL8XInr7NkOeqB4dhduXCPiiyU_tZXkCs3MrwL19bawU55QZM5DdeQFEAtPqauFQ8o2agsSCt_U3ZbWgGwH3yEREkUKWtAuSj-yNULbqMuGMM0GFZAkTtm6WXCW77MsN7W8bnGtjyCGkw/s1600/Rail_gate_2.jpg" height="276" width="400" /></a></div>
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<b style="color: red;">NOTE: </b></div>
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Here we connected single servo motor b'coz it is a prototype. but in real time we will use two servo motors, and also here the Siren is replaced by Yellow color LED and IR sensors are replaced by optocouplers.</div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9211241143385630911.post-79211197241042930482013-05-30T15:21:00.003+05:302013-07-28T12:28:09.660+05:30Password based Door locking system<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
This is a 8051 based security project, we can lock and unlock the door electronically. Electronic door locking systems are used in Bank lockers, home lockers, main doors and prison etc.,<br />
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<span style="color: #38761d;"><b>Working: </b></span>When we give correct <span style="color: #38761d;">UserID </span>and <span style="color: #38761d;">Password </span>then only we can UNLOCK and LOCK the door otherwise we can't operate it. If we entered correct userID and password it will show <span style="color: #38761d;">authenticated</span> message on LCD screen otherwise Invalid userID or Access Denide. Then you can select one of the option LOCK DOOR and UNLOCK DOOR.</div>
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<span style="color: #351c75;"><b>Here is the functional flow chart</b></span> </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4l436Is7Rtss9bcmQISpB5YAirLDad57ENLfGoYlVLmCPygdeWn7r7pe4bAS0HjGb2kwKK_qD0NGHiuD8OZxzFLpiVsRTlz4Eiolq9uoEcr-CSu1Ri2XrdM90Hco3eV4-yfnBaylbU_JT/s1600/doorlock_flow.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4l436Is7Rtss9bcmQISpB5YAirLDad57ENLfGoYlVLmCPygdeWn7r7pe4bAS0HjGb2kwKK_qD0NGHiuD8OZxzFLpiVsRTlz4Eiolq9uoEcr-CSu1Ri2XrdM90Hco3eV4-yfnBaylbU_JT/s1600/doorlock_flow.png" height="315" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B535sEhR4rLVeUhxNTVQbHBQSzA/edit" target="_blank"><button type="button"><b>click here</b></button></a><span style="color: #351c75;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><b>to download C-code</b></span></span><br />
Here we are showing how door can be locked and unlocked mechanically and electrically with mechanical body of the door <span style="color: red;"> <b>Available Product</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOL1zaIMnOhm39LuAnYvlrx7L1ppOy9d_b4hDuxgRo1vNjWKSCK_YtQDbIHpMKQRWOczwFzZQ8jsvRMjWBImT6EdH-V4FA9snO0uUfkDsJs3blIk2qNL9UtPHuq6_dU0ZRalG7uOUy0WMw/s1600/door_lock.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOL1zaIMnOhm39LuAnYvlrx7L1ppOy9d_b4hDuxgRo1vNjWKSCK_YtQDbIHpMKQRWOczwFzZQ8jsvRMjWBImT6EdH-V4FA9snO0uUfkDsJs3blIk2qNL9UtPHuq6_dU0ZRalG7uOUy0WMw/s1600/door_lock.png" height="288" width="400" /></a>
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<span style="color: red;"><b>Schematic Diagram:</b></span> </div>
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<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8PfigQNqEWc" target="_blank"><button type="button"><b>click here</b></button></a> <b>to see the video output</b></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"><b><span style="color: red;">case'1':</span> when the door is locked</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXvSqmo87rFj_7mTXK3VdEZTumpEXaJxOxC5nnffVW28Yoz0IZxQvsVW9uoKDlpxTVO_z7cwDj0HdWbrMMpXkqo85oUT1HJjgLCMYp5AusR1JJw-S5pMnRY6RHqQonpGUrvihyphenhyphenkfjLK-KG/s1600/password_door_1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXvSqmo87rFj_7mTXK3VdEZTumpEXaJxOxC5nnffVW28Yoz0IZxQvsVW9uoKDlpxTVO_z7cwDj0HdWbrMMpXkqo85oUT1HJjgLCMYp5AusR1JJw-S5pMnRY6RHqQonpGUrvihyphenhyphenkfjLK-KG/s1600/password_door_1.png" height="230" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"><b><span style="color: red;">case'2':</span>When the door is unlocked</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFqTlzApaaOpKTomeCYyx16_q0g1z_enmHRbVQiFOu_IGhfZUXaoR0AsKteVPeZX34yGLwauiY9Cck7DsNa9AY8Ivuhohyphenhyphenj5c4FXtCktjqpVQv8UoqTxoiXu4qIYSuu3RjND1ajovsIoIw/s1600/password_door_2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFqTlzApaaOpKTomeCYyx16_q0g1z_enmHRbVQiFOu_IGhfZUXaoR0AsKteVPeZX34yGLwauiY9Cck7DsNa9AY8Ivuhohyphenhyphenj5c4FXtCktjqpVQv8UoqTxoiXu4qIYSuu3RjND1ajovsIoIw/s1600/password_door_2.png" height="227" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><b>NOTE: </b></span>I haven't connected any motor driver here, but practically we can interconnect opto-coupler or motor driver H-bridge.</div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9211241143385630911.post-49815412594806377552013-05-19T07:16:00.000+05:302017-01-26T09:10:46.483+05:30Smart Energy Meter using 8051<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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This is just a prototype of original meter having some features. </div>
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conventional analog energy meters indicates the meter reading by scrolling down the mechanical number plates. It will not show daily power consumption and cost/unit to the consumer. This is a prototype of Smart Energy meter it indicates the meter reading and cost/unit and also it can send the same information to the power grid. This is developed using AT89c51 microcontroller.<br />
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Features:<br />
> Security UserID and Password<br />
> Read Units anytime and price/unit<br />
> send no.of Units to grid<br />
> we can change userID and Password <br />
> get back to previous menu<br />
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<a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1HoCclM7HNU6GTuxb9xI0Qv5CVaAa7J08mE4NilKFK8A/edit?usp=sharing" target="_blank"><button type="button"><b>click here </b></button> </a><span style="color: #38761d;"><b>to download code </b></span><br />
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<span style="color: red;"><b>Here is the functional tree chart</b></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5Ejpq8kQXytGVlNDma3qwXKrBoB54L9cSTeQZZiF6xqV0sQodnX6siBGIGunmmSuRFa0OqqVp5_ZNf8dVfEDjFvTv2fIC5GOa0KgmzzLGjpDm19lDQp_-aqRCF8uZyYXIAfQQuakG76jn/s1600/smart_meter_tree.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="215" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5Ejpq8kQXytGVlNDma3qwXKrBoB54L9cSTeQZZiF6xqV0sQodnX6siBGIGunmmSuRFa0OqqVp5_ZNf8dVfEDjFvTv2fIC5GOa0KgmzzLGjpDm19lDQp_-aqRCF8uZyYXIAfQQuakG76jn/s1600/smart_meter_tree.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="color: red;">high level Flow chart:</span> </b>it gives behavioral working model of the meter<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBfvmQRZ9Y7IPTaVZW1AtQRG2XPva8MwIh5u4i2x91ZFanIHXxwgPIOhLPtURyorZOwRPsrPxho3vMujyqz2WO_JoB9HsBijZRosZML9JIZjH3itgF80xqKN53ZXDTsu7qUWw6gOaxDNGU/s1600/smart_meter_flow.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBfvmQRZ9Y7IPTaVZW1AtQRG2XPva8MwIh5u4i2x91ZFanIHXxwgPIOhLPtURyorZOwRPsrPxho3vMujyqz2WO_JoB9HsBijZRosZML9JIZjH3itgF80xqKN53ZXDTsu7qUWw6gOaxDNGU/s1600/smart_meter_flow.png" width="262" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh07iRypIzEGWsetIeuY0xUTDxL_9wMfZtNjdQGEzdcgIanSwxp7pm-mdiqtzRt7zyYr7aHee2vM3OrlYe6zPSP-dgR2uQK7_ElLHPNGDILFl8ETj-6rvh4DYVAasL9YDDk9mTZpHkY40ER/s1600/smart_meter_flow.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></div>
<span style="color: red;"><b> Results: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ryNxpAK7nW4" target="_blank"><button type="button"><b>click here</b></button></a> to see the video how it works </b></span><br />
<span style="color: red;"><b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vmql0EqOumw&list=UU5ViH5TfWs7hmHNU1G5XVEQ" https:="" target="_blank" v="Vmql0EqOumw&feature=c4-overview&list=UU5ViH5TfWs7hmHNU1G5XVEQ" watch="" www.youtube.com=""><button type="button"><b>Click Here</b></button></a> to see working video</b></span><br />
<span style="color: red;"><b> </b><span style="color: black;">When user selected read units : displaying no.of units and price/unit</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFS1AQtXp617feuvJHbK7Jr_65OFW9M53WCkmkLFdHL_3yfN6idpnygygxARkJN2BumSU7IuAwW7OXWe3orfbie8vJVxbOr5pe89j6pdpeX3R-blJfYzukdoZ144Bcch1OgAvaJ79QBr2T/s1600/Fullscreen+capture+5182013+13609+PM.bmp.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFS1AQtXp617feuvJHbK7Jr_65OFW9M53WCkmkLFdHL_3yfN6idpnygygxARkJN2BumSU7IuAwW7OXWe3orfbie8vJVxbOr5pe89j6pdpeX3R-blJfYzukdoZ144Bcch1OgAvaJ79QBr2T/s1600/Fullscreen+capture+5182013+13609+PM.bmp.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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when user selected send to grid : it sent ID and no.of units consumed by the user </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhO4aWOI5tLlFEmqVSh5KfnEGA8gYRq0V2y7A7FnYZ3GDoF_oVzxHfxIDl1dfg3hJAJvmj5X0dXHHiizuQxpjwR_I6zMmwvNHbaX83dRZ481RMlWcYsMYpVn2TrGMeQh0eXFGvey3FTkYZ/s1600/Fullscreen+capture+5182013+13505+PM.bmp.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> <img border="0" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhO4aWOI5tLlFEmqVSh5KfnEGA8gYRq0V2y7A7FnYZ3GDoF_oVzxHfxIDl1dfg3hJAJvmj5X0dXHHiizuQxpjwR_I6zMmwvNHbaX83dRZ481RMlWcYsMYpVn2TrGMeQh0eXFGvey3FTkYZ/s1600/Fullscreen+capture+5182013+13505+PM.bmp.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMJvVgHxN-j1KZaeo8S8uxGwlJh_WyWB3cXkFAom7a_oEQLlLyHuWnmpkFci_1NstvQgDRbOPCJ_i_aWcCJSSh2a3aX3vg2nfQ8S8zyPi3PSYXaGQCKWs72lvEYtVm2Q9dPeIgGEzO0VTg/s1600/Fullscreen+capture+5182013+13505+PM.bmp.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> Keypad 16x2 LCD </a></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><b>NOTE: </b></span>meter readings are calculated by IR LED and PhotoDetector. In between the IR LED and PhotoDetector there will be a rotating magnetic coil of a conventional meter. But here we replaced it with one push button connected to the 555 timer(Monostable multivibrator), because we can't represent them here. </div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9211241143385630911.post-72252766518331672962013-05-18T19:15:00.000+05:302013-07-28T12:28:44.986+05:30Change UserID and Password using 8051<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Here is the one example showing how to change Predefined "UserID" and "Password" manually by user. If we want to change userID or password, it will take inputs from the keypad two times for confirmation. If the two inputs are matched then one of them will be assigned to the predefined one , otherwise it will display "not matched" inputs and jumps to main menu. The following flow chart describes how it works</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVdsz3fS5zH83aBhaj3Z3h0xPs7p3c-ERS2wf3053iK-U1T3cTquttj_ebI5p1ZsSWgAFgJ6H1KSXO07W12FzXSpAlOfumd9yek7RNp3hyphenhyphensj8D5AaHU9oU3ulC2aGBVS6fSwzATl5-vSei/s1600/update_string.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVdsz3fS5zH83aBhaj3Z3h0xPs7p3c-ERS2wf3053iK-U1T3cTquttj_ebI5p1ZsSWgAFgJ6H1KSXO07W12FzXSpAlOfumd9yek7RNp3hyphenhyphensj8D5AaHU9oU3ulC2aGBVS6fSwzATl5-vSei/s1600/update_string.jpg" height="293" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-Wwz7FIFbI" target="_blank"><button type="buttom"><b>click here</b></button></a> <span style="color: red;"><b>to see the output </b></span><br />
<span style="color: red;"><b><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1PGNf-p-J36PBzrcZHvaPPhGhik5IGPSFFDgsUavAq_0/edit" target="_blank"><button type="button"><b>click here</b></button></a> to download the code</b></span><br />
<span style="color: red;"><b><span style="color: #38761d;"> It is showing initial user ID and Password when the power is ON.</span> </b></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXJxepJDZGpzqUG06YsbUZJiCWQIQvVypJUbmqZDK5xtuwi455yGg8a0_U90jfYm5l_uXDBHR_mdUbbDFFBmh96bJpOtVQPwacR7MIMGBTcCvfZZljGW4U2wlOpF7EFU2qcyq-MKDmhcUI/s1600/update_string1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXJxepJDZGpzqUG06YsbUZJiCWQIQvVypJUbmqZDK5xtuwi455yGg8a0_U90jfYm5l_uXDBHR_mdUbbDFFBmh96bJpOtVQPwacR7MIMGBTcCvfZZljGW4U2wlOpF7EFU2qcyq-MKDmhcUI/s1600/update_string1.jpg" height="221" width="400" /> </a></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"><b>It is showing new UserID and Password when the user changed successfully </b></span> </div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9211241143385630911.post-55912560314789477012013-05-13T19:41:00.000+05:302013-07-28T12:29:03.109+05:30Automatic Room light Controller with OpAmp:<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;"><u><b><span style="color: #38761d;">Automatic Room light Controller with OpAmp:</span></b></u> </span></span></span></span><br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;">It
is more important to save power. here the one way to save the power by
automatic controlling of room lights. This is also an application of
OpAmp based comparator. This is based on the light intensity in the
room, here we use <b><span style="color: #38761d;">LDR(light dependent resistor)</span></b>
who's resistance decreases with increase in room light intensity. There
is a choice that you can change the threshold level to your desired
level so that it can operate at that intensity level. It does not
require any microcontroller or any other programmable devices.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;">components procured:</span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;">>LDR </span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;">>OpAmp 741</span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;">>resistor 10k</span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;">>BC547 transistor</span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;">>SPDT relay 12V</span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;">>1N4001 diode </span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;">>battery and a bulb</span></span></span></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;"> here
i connected the LDR output to the inverting terminal and a threshold
voltage of 1.5v is connected to the non-inverting terminal. so that
whenever the light intensity increases the LDR output will decrease and
if it is less than the threshold the output of the opamp will
be +Vsat=+5v.This will trun on the BC547 so that relay will be connected
as shown here, bulb will not glow</span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;"> <b><span style="color: red;">V<span style="font-size: xx-small;">LDR <span style="font-size: small;">>1.5v ; transistor ON; Light <span style="font-size: small;">OFF<span style="font-size: small;">;</span></span></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;"><b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"> <span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JeuXCBcyhG0" target="_blank"><button type="button"><b>click here</b></button></a> to see the output</span> A book on OPAMP circuits</span></span></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span> </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjV05MQQlC8f8ikpWttZA1IA3GjDWzUEOZ4vDNUWlCA2GhNqvIaPnhf_vkVRp-E8pX6qX-CthZ04Zs29E5gV3XKudchTtJJZP6nvLV7z1XWC2WRm2fhXylyoTCTv76ypJGsmT1Dxa4WyKZN/s1600/opamp_2.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjV05MQQlC8f8ikpWttZA1IA3GjDWzUEOZ4vDNUWlCA2GhNqvIaPnhf_vkVRp-E8pX6qX-CthZ04Zs29E5gV3XKudchTtJJZP6nvLV7z1XWC2WRm2fhXylyoTCTv76ypJGsmT1Dxa4WyKZN/s400/opamp_2.png" height="220" width="400" /></a></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;"> when
the room light intensity decreases LDR resistance will decrease and
voltage across the resistor goes high. when it is greater than the
threshold opamp output goes to -Vsat=-5v. then the BC547 will goes to
the cutoff region (OFF state). so the light will glow.</span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;"> <b><span style="color: red;">V<span style="font-size: xx-small;">LDR <span style="font-size: small;">< 1.5v ; transistor OFF; light ON;</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9211241143385630911.post-9574674024154721732013-05-13T19:25:00.000+05:302013-07-28T12:29:17.459+05:30Automatic room fan controller using OpAmp: <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
This
is the another application of a comparator. This can save the power and
we don't need to switch ON and OFF the ceiling FAN manually. here we
can set the threshold voltage to our desired value. The ceiling fan will
be switched ON when the temperature increases the threshold value. We
are using LM35 sensor to sense the room temperature. The sensitivity of
this LM35 sensor is 10mv/ 'C. I want that fan to be switched on when the
temperature increases more than 27'C. so set my threshold voltage to<br />
<b><span style="color: red;">Vthreshold = 27'C x 10mv = 270mv = 0.27V</span></b><br />
<br />
<span style="color: red;"> <b> <span style="color: #274e13;">here the room temperature is 26'c so the output voltage is < 0.27V ; Fan off</span></b></span><br />
<span style="color: red;"><b><span style="color: #274e13;"><span style="color: red;"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K6G39vWZ7YQ" target="_blank"><button type="button"><b>click here</b></button></a> to see the output</span> </span></b></span><b><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: #274e13;"> </span></span></b><br />
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<b><span style="color: red;"> </span></b><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;">when the</span></span><b><span style="color: red;"> </span></b><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;">temperature
increases to 27'c or more, the output voltage of LM35 will increases to
more than 0.27V. so that opamp output will goes to +Vsat=+5v. This will
switch ON the transistor and so relay connects. This will switch ON the
ceiling fan.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: red;"><b> here the temperature is 28'c so the output voltage <span style="color: red;">>0.27v; fan ON <span style="color: #38761d;">LM35 sensor</span></span></b></span></span></span><br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0Southern Asia15.961329081596647 79.453125-13.773595918403354 38.144531 45.696254081596649 120.761719